Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common for cystitis to be exclusively a female disease.But that is not true.Representatives of stronger sex are also subject to disease.On how symptoms of cystitis in men manifest are and how to treat it properly, and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system, designed to collect and remove urine.In the latest process, an important role is played by the walls of the organ which have a muscle base, and thanks to this, they are able to stretch.However, the bladder mucosa is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called neck.The urethra (uretra) comes out of the neck.Two ureters circulate in the upper part - canals through which the urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis in men
Acute cystitis is felt, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant in the rectum.In particular, a lot of pain manifests itself at the beginning and at the end of urination.In addition, symptoms of cystitis include pain at the bottom of the abdomen, on pubis, regardless of urination, but with this process, they intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely low (10-15 ml), however, the number of utmost utmost can reach several times in an hour.After the act of urination, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.In addition, with cystitis, there are often signs such as urinary incontinence, imperative urination.The exacerbation of the disease is often accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of intoxication of the body (discomfort, headache).
Other cystitis symptoms:
- Change of urine color,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- The unpleasant odor of urine.
Often, with disease, reflux urine occurs.This is the name of the process in which urine enters the ureters, then to the kidneys, which leads to disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis is transformed into chronic shape.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, exacerbations (approximately 2-3 times a year) of replacing periods of remission.During remission, symptoms of the disease practically do not appear.Interstitial cystitis is a serious form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of disease, exacerbation occurs very often and the patient is constantly suffering from the groin.
Diagnosis
In the presence of signs, with a high degree of probability indicating cystitis, you must contact a urologist.During the initial examination, the doctor generally examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with Palpation in the anus.This allows you to establish or exclude the bond of cystitis in men with other diseases of the male genitals.The diagnosis is mainly carried out by the general analysis of the urine.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes a decisive characteristic can be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells and protozoa.Also done:
- General and biochemical blood test,
- Urine analysis by Nechiporenko,
- Sow urine to identify an infectious agent.
A study for a chain reaction by polymerase (PCR) is carried out in the event of a suspicion of a sexually transmitted infection.The bladder Uzi is ineffective because it requires a full bladder and with a given disease, the patient cannot be filled.However, the ultrasound of the kidneys and the prostate can be useful because they help to identify concomitant diseases.Procedures such as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, uroflowography (study of urine broadband parameters by the urethra), MRI are carried out.Cistoscopy is an endoscopic examination type.It helps to identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as to take a biopath for analysis.Cystitis must be differentiated from diseases such as the tumors of the bladder and the gland of the prostate.
Cystitis: what is it for men
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists of irritation and damage to the walls of the bladder.Cystitis is actually women are more likely to suffer.About 2 to 3 out of 10 representatives of fair sex at least once in a life suffer from this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have cystitis in any form.In most cases, they are men over 45.The difference in frequency of diseases between sexes is explained by physiological differences in the structure of their genitourinary organs.First, men have a very long and winding urethra.But the walls of the urethra are an extremely difficult obstacle to pathogenic microorganisms, because immune cells are active.In addition, in the male body, the urethra hole is very far from the anus, therefore, it is practically excluded to enter the channel of the pathogenic microflora of the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the outside through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of kidney diseases or prostate.In general, cystitis has no contagious nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, most often, it is bacterial cystitis, less often - fungal.Even less often, cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Most often, infectious cystitis occurs following the action of E.Coli (80%).Causal agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- Chlamydia,
- Trichomonades,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
The infectious cystitis caused by trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasmes, gonococci, Koch sticks, is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by conditional pathogenic bacteria that constantly amplify in the body.The infrequent varieties of cystitis are those caused by purple, actinomycosis and schistosomosis.The path that pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder can be different.According to this, cystitis is divided by descending, increasing, lymphogenic and hematogen.The ascending option of the infection (of the urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is most often down (in the case of renal infection), as well as hematogen and lymphogen.There is also a non -infectious cystitis.They can be caused:
- Diagnostic operations or procedures on the bladder;
- Effect of radiation on the body, for example, with radiotherapy of the prostatic gland;
- wounds of the bladder by foreign bodies, for example, stones;
- The chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the mucosa of the bubble.
In addition, cystitis are divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease begins alone, directly in the bladder.In the second cystitis is caused by certain other pathological processes of the body.Secondary cystitis, in turn, is divided into cystitis of intuuffic and extraordinary origin.For example, the stones of the bladder and the neoplasms of this organ are intracular causes, and the diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are parascolia.If the inflammation area is the urinary triangle, such cystitis is called trigonite.In addition, depending on the location of inflammation, cervical and diffuse cystitis is secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation is observed on the neck of the bladder.The diffuse form of the disease manifests itself in the inflammation of the whole wall of the organ.Depending on the amount that the wall of the bubble is struck, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- Catarrhal,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerative,
- Flegmonous,
- gangrenous.
The lightest shape, only affecting the surface layers of the walls, is the catarrhale.In the event of a gangrenous form, the pathological process leads to the necrotic of the walls.To determine the degree of disease, cystoscopy is used with a subsequent biopsy.Factors contributing to the appearance of cystitis in men:
- body hypothermia;
- reduction in immunity;
- Stress;
- Conscious delayed urine, rare emptying of the bladder;
- Kidney diseases, prostate;
- non-compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Diseases accompanied by the occurrence of infection foci (amygdalite, sinusitis, furunculosis, dental diseases, etc.);
- spine injuries;
- diabetes mellitus;
- Alcohol abuse.
The complications of cystitis can be ponyist (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder), pyelonephritis, sclerosis of the walls of the bladder, perforation of the walls of the bubble, inflammation of the kidneys (due to the reflux of bubble reflux).
Cystitis treatment
Treatment is generally carried out at home.Management to a hospital in acute cystitis is possible if a hemorrhagic or gangrenous form of the disease develops or if an acute urinary retention is observed.Cystitis treatment methods are mainly drugs.Although other techniques can be used, for example, physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic and laser, dirt), rinse of bladder with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by high temperatures, the patient needs bed rest.The fixing of heat to the groin area (except for hemorrhagic and tuberculosis cystitis) is shown.
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fatty, fried, high and acidic foods, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Apples, cranberry and Lingonberry fruit drinks are also recommended-they increase the anti-adhesive properties of the bladder mucosa, that is to say difficult to attach bacteria to the walls of the bubble.Phytocha and Lingonberries have undeniable advantages.It is important not to forget an abundant drink - the patient should drink at least 2 liters of pure water per day.During the exacerbation of cystitis, it is recommended to abandon smoking.Surgical treatment is used in case of gangrenous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by the adenoma of the prostate.
Medicine for the treatment of male cystitis
Pharmacotherapy can be stretched or symptomatic.Etiotropic therapy aims to counter pathogens - pathogens of the disease.The purpose of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain and spasms.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, then an evolution of antibiotics is necessary.Most often used Fluoroquinolone group drugs. The duration of the admission is generally one week.Before choosing an antibiotic therapy scheme, it is necessary to conduct a study on the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics.Preparations with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial vegetable components, grassy grass, a cabin decoction and St. John's Wort are often used.Another class of drugs used for the disease is antipasmodics that help relieve spasms and caused by pain.To reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation, NSAIDs are also used.With intense pain, novocaine blockages are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins - to increase the resistance of the body of the infection.
Prevention
The fact that men suffer relatively rarely of cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of humanity should not be maintained in the spirit of the occurrence of this disease, not only very unpleasant and considerably reducing the quality of life, but also potentially fatal in the absence of appropriate therapy (of gangreux cystitis, for example, the stone thunder).However, the preventive measures are simple - you must monitor personal hygiene, the level of immunity, avoid hypothermia, go regularly to the toilet, avoid urinary stagnation, cure infectious diseases over time that can create homes of infection - sinusitis, luscious and tones, regularly visit the urologist and Andrologists.